Securing ports, and services and vulnerabilities SNMP often comes with default strings that act like passwords,” explains Muhl. “SNMP allows you to query the server for usernames, network shares, and other information. Case in point, UDP port 161 is enticing to attackers because the SNMP protocol, which is useful for managing networked machines and polling information, sends traffic through this port. Some ports and protocols can give attackers a lot of reach. “There have been many IRC vulnerabilities, such as Unreal IRCD that allow for trivial remote execution by attackers,” says Widen. Short passwords of less than eight characters using a familiar phrase together with a sequence of numbers are far too easy for attackers to guess.Ĭriminal hackers are still attacking IRC, which runs on ports 6660 through 6669. Port 22, the designated Secure Shell port that enables access to remote shells on physical server hardware is vulnerable where the credentials include default or easily guessed user names and passwords, according to David Widen, systems engineer at BoxBoat Technologies. Weak passwords can make SSH and port 22 easy targets. In "leetspeak", which uses letters and numbers, 31337 spells "eleet," meaning elite. On the TCP port, these include Sockdmini, Back Fire, icmp_pipe.c, Back Orifice Russian, Freak88, Baron Night, and BO client to name several examples on the UDP port include Deep BO. Supposedly elite attackers have used TCP and UDP ports 31337 for the famed Back Orifice backdoor and some other malicious software programs. “Servers on these ports can also be HTTP proxies, which, if network administrators did not install them, could represent a security concern within the system,” says Norby. The servers attached to these ports are largely legacy boxes that have been left unmanaged and unprotected, gathering increasing vulnerabilities over time. HTTP traffic also uses TCP ports 8080, 8088, and 8888. Some malicious software that has used this port includes Prosiak, Swift Remote, and CrackDown. Some backdoor and Trojan horse software opens and uses TCP port 4444 to listen in, communicate, forward malicious traffic from the outside, and send malicious payloads. When hackers get lackadaisical, they use port numbers they can easily remember, such as sequences of numbers like 234 or 6789, or the same number repeatedly, such as 666 or 8888. “If a network admin did not set up the SOCKS proxy, its existence might indicate malicious activity,” says Norby. Trojan horses and worms such as Mydoom and Bugbear have historically used port 1080 in attacks. Attackers use TCP port 1080, which the industry has designated for socket secure “SOCKS” proxies, in support of malicious software and activity. According to Norby, attacks on web clients that travel over port 80 include SQL injections, cross-site request forgeries, cross-site scripting, and buffer overruns.Ĭyber criminals will set up their services on individual ports. TCP port 80 for HTTP supports the web traffic that web browsers receive. The more commonly used a port is, the easier it can be to sneak attacks in with all the other packets. Once the attackers safely escort the data beyond the enterprise, they simply send it through their DNS server, which they have uniquely designed to translate it back into its original form. “DNS is rarely monitored and even more rarely filtered,” says Norby. Once criminal hackers inside the network have their prize, all they need to do to get it out the door is use readily available software that turns data into DNS traffic. TCP/UDP port 53 for DNS offers an exit strategy. While some network ports make good entry points for attackers, others make good escape routes. Department of Defense (comments are his own and don’t represent the views of any employer). “Attackers can listen in, watch for credentials, inject commands via attacks, and ultimately perform Remote Code Executions (RCE),” says Austin Norby, computer scientist at the U.S. Though its bandwidth is tiny at a few bytes at a time, Telnet sends data completely unmasked in clear text. While some vulnerable services have continuing utility, legacy services such as Telnet on TCP port 23 were fundamentally unsafe from the start. FTP servers carry numerous vulnerabilities such as anonymous authentication capabilities, directory traversals, and cross-site scripting, making port 21 an ideal target. TCP port 21 connects FTP servers to the internet. There is a total of 65,535 TCP ports and another 65,535 UDP ports we’ll look at some of the diciest ones.
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